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Changes in the tear film and ocular surface over 2 years








Changes in the tear film and ocular surface over 2 years


James S. Wolffsohn


Aston University, Birmingham, UK






03 December 2025


Vision is probably our most important sense. The window to our eye, “the cornea” maintains its transparency and health thanks to the tear film which provides hydration, nutrition and anti-bacterial agents. The tear film is produced by two sets of glands, the ‘lacrimal' gland above the eye which produces the water component, and it stimulated when we cry. The ‘meibomian' glands are embedded in our eyelids and produces a thin layer of oil which protects the tear film from evaporation. While the tear film can be affected by age, dry eye disease is also common now in children and this is associated with long hours of digital device use. This study will use previously unanalysed data, collected to examine what happens to these glands and the tear film in general over time in a large population of Asian and Non-Asian individuals, with a wide range of pre-existing (meibomian) gland disease. This will allow a better understanding of how dry eye disease progresses over time and to predict those individuals where treatment is required.



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Statistical Analysis Plan