Is there a Difference in the Immune Response, Efficacy, and Safety of Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Males and Females? - A Meta-Analysis.

Is there a Difference in the Immune Response, Efficacy, and Safety of Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Males and Females? - A Meta-Analysis.

Influenza is the leading vaccine-preventable infection that affects Canadians of all ages yearly. Data show that the immune system of males and females do not respond to infections in the same way. Females seem to be able to clear viruses more rapidly. Sex hormones and chromosomes seem to play a role in these differences. When vaccinated with influenza vaccine, females seem to be able to mount a better response against the vaccine, but may also have more adverse events. What we don't know is if this actually translates into better efficacy, i.e., does the vaccine protect females better than males, with the same dose. We therefore aim to review the existing literature in a systematic way and to perform new analyses of data from trials on influenza vaccine, stratified by sex and vaccine type. There is first a need to determine the magnitude of the difference in response to the vaccine between males and females, and then to see how this is translated into public health recommendations.

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